✅GS-1 : Demographic studies- Census
🅾️Census = systematic collection of demographic data.Conducted every 10 years under The Census Act, 1948 (a Union List subject). Authorised by the Registrar General & Census Commissioner of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
⚠️Why is this Census important?- it is the foundational dataset that shapes-
⚜️1. Caste census debate
⚜️2. Impact on Delimitation
⚜️3. Finance commission - Fiscal federalism
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Census = systematic collection of demographic data.Conducted every 10 years under The Census Act, 1948 (a Union List subject). Authorised by the Registrar General & Census Commissioner of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
⚠️Why is this Census important?- it is the foundational dataset that shapes-
⚜️1. Caste census debate
⚜️2. Impact on Delimitation
⚜️3. Finance commission - Fiscal federalism
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Science and technology- Nickel Extraction
🅾️Nickel joins lithium, cobalt, and rare earths in the critical minerals club- India's task is clear: extract responsibly, process domestically, deploy strategically.
🅾️Relevance of nickel?- Energy transition- used in EV's- Click here and read how
🅾️Problem- Traditional nickel extraction is energy-intensive and polluting — emits >20 tonnes CO₂ per tonne of nickel.So, clean energy infrastructure depends on dirty resource extraction, creating a paradox. But hydrogen plasma tech can solve this problem.
🔰India's Sukinda Valley (Odisha) has laterite nickel reserves – opportunity for domestic value chain
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Nickel joins lithium, cobalt, and rare earths in the critical minerals club- India's task is clear: extract responsibly, process domestically, deploy strategically.
🅾️Relevance of nickel?- Energy transition- used in EV's- Click here and read how
🅾️Problem- Traditional nickel extraction is energy-intensive and polluting — emits >20 tonnes CO₂ per tonne of nickel.So, clean energy infrastructure depends on dirty resource extraction, creating a paradox. But hydrogen plasma tech can solve this problem.
🔰India's Sukinda Valley (Odisha) has laterite nickel reserves – opportunity for domestic value chain
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Science and technology- Space- Study of Tardigrade- We already studied about this long ago- Click here
🅾️WHAT ARE TARDIGRADES?-Micro-animals, also called "water bears" or "moss piglets".Survive extreme temperatures (−272°C to 150°C), pressure (40,000 kPa), and vacuum of space.
🅾️Tardigrades represent biological lessons in resilience, relevant not just for space, but for climate adaptation, health, and biotechnology.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️WHAT ARE TARDIGRADES?-Micro-animals, also called "water bears" or "moss piglets".Survive extreme temperatures (−272°C to 150°C), pressure (40,000 kPa), and vacuum of space.
🅾️Tardigrades represent biological lessons in resilience, relevant not just for space, but for climate adaptation, health, and biotechnology.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Science and Technology- Space- AXIOM 4
🅾️Context : Axiom-4 as a Civilizational Signal-India’s shift from space access to space presence.These experiments help simulate extreme environments and develop disaster-resilient, off-Earth tech - When Rakesh Sharma went to space (1984), India lacked capability to leverage the mission. With Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla’s Axiom-4 flight (2024), India enters a new era: from symbolic presence to systemic integration in space exploration.
🅾️Private space Industry- Critical analysis- Click here and read
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Context : Axiom-4 as a Civilizational Signal-India’s shift from space access to space presence.These experiments help simulate extreme environments and develop disaster-resilient, off-Earth tech - When Rakesh Sharma went to space (1984), India lacked capability to leverage the mission. With Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla’s Axiom-4 flight (2024), India enters a new era: from symbolic presence to systemic integration in space exploration.
🅾️Private space Industry- Critical analysis- Click here and read
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
Results anxiety is real but so is the ticking clock. I know i might face backlash for saying this but the odds of clearing mains for candidates on pre cutoff border and not preparing for mains is close to zero- pls take action!
Gs-2 : IR for UPSC 2025-26- Emerging issues template!
https://youtu.be/nQDQPCwXoRw
https://youtu.be/nQDQPCwXoRw
Congratulations to candidates who cleared the prelims- those who were waiting for a confirmation pls text @vk_ias
To those who couldnt clear and want to talk to me @vikas_kanukollu please text me.
To those who couldnt clear and want to talk to me @vikas_kanukollu please text me.
A lot of you must be trying to understand and process the prelims result.
Since there are a lot of people with similar issues, i will try to explain everything through a talk where you can discuss your doubts on june 14th at 4 pm.
Please register here : https://courses.vkias.com/course/Webinar-MainsworkshopforAnswerwritingskills-89313 Webinar- for the road ahead.
Since there are a lot of people with similar issues, i will try to explain everything through a talk where you can discuss your doubts on june 14th at 4 pm.
Please register here : https://courses.vkias.com/course/Webinar-MainsworkshopforAnswerwritingskills-89313 Webinar- for the road ahead.
✅Samagra Samarthan- 2026 - Apply here- fill this form
🅾️Application form= https://forms.gle/i9xrYTojgmMCRVJ56
🅾️Application form= https://forms.gle/i9xrYTojgmMCRVJ56
✅Gs-3 : Science and technology
🅾️Drone Warfare & India
⚜️Cheap → Strategic Asymmetry: Drones costing a few lakhs can neutralize assets worth hundreds of crores.
⚜️Saturation Tactic: They overwhelm radar, SAMs, and conventional defenses.
⚜️First-Person View (FPV) Capability: Real-time targeting and detonation.
🔰Notable Drone Attacks (for Examples)
⚜️Ukraine-Russia: DJI drones used for kamikaze strikes.
⚜️Yemen, Gaza, Israel: Civilian drones used for strategic hits.
⚜️Op Sindoor (India-Pak): Pakistan used drone swarms on border targets.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Drone Warfare & India
⚜️Cheap → Strategic Asymmetry: Drones costing a few lakhs can neutralize assets worth hundreds of crores.
⚜️Saturation Tactic: They overwhelm radar, SAMs, and conventional defenses.
⚜️First-Person View (FPV) Capability: Real-time targeting and detonation.
🔰Notable Drone Attacks (for Examples)
⚜️Ukraine-Russia: DJI drones used for kamikaze strikes.
⚜️Yemen, Gaza, Israel: Civilian drones used for strategic hits.
⚜️Op Sindoor (India-Pak): Pakistan used drone swarms on border targets.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
Forwarded from VK IAS_ Official
Mentorship-programs-for-Mains-2025.pdf
34.8 MB
✅VK IAS Mentorship programs announcement ONLY for Mains 2025 students.
🌟Courses : https://courses.vkias.com/courses
🌟Courses : https://courses.vkias.com/courses
For candidates appearing in this year mains- these are the programs where your specific problems are solved through mentorship... Click here
if there are no problems, you can follow @hinduhighlights posts and youtube channel if you are looking for CA updates only. Please dont ignore the newspapers content in between prelims and mains(may to aug)
- @vikas_kanukollu
if there are no problems, you can follow @hinduhighlights posts and youtube channel if you are looking for CA updates only. Please dont ignore the newspapers content in between prelims and mains(may to aug)
- @vikas_kanukollu
#IR
✅Gs-2 : International Relations- Iran nuclear Deal
🅾️Background of JCPOA- Click here
⚠️What should you understand?- Security is not the absence of conflict, but the presence of trust.
🅾️IAEA is to nuclear politics what RBI is to monetary policy — a neutral watchdog balancing peaceful development with hard security interest- Read prelims info about IAEA- click here
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-2 : International Relations- Iran nuclear Deal
🅾️Background of JCPOA- Click here
⚠️What should you understand?- Security is not the absence of conflict, but the presence of trust.
🅾️IAEA is to nuclear politics what RBI is to monetary policy — a neutral watchdog balancing peaceful development with hard security interest- Read prelims info about IAEA- click here
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
UPSC AIR 110- N. Chetana Reddy || Podcast with VK IAS- Promo
https://youtu.be/ZutYuyHYTmg
https://youtu.be/ZutYuyHYTmg
Forwarded from UPSC - International relations by Vikas Kanukollu
✅Gs-2 : IR-
🅾️“Operation Rising Lion"= doctrinal shift:From proxy containment (targeting Hamas, Hezbollah) to To direct dismantling of Iran’s nuclear capabilities and military command structures
🅾️The motive: not just to weaken Iran, but also to disrupt its regional network of proxies and stall its strategic convergence with Arab states.
🅾️Use this as a case study : preventive warfare replacing proxy deterrence- how nation-states recalibrate doctrines when regional influence fails to deliver strategic outcomes.
⚠️Gs2-IR/PSIR channel link : https://www.tg-me.com/UPSC_PSIR_IR
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️“Operation Rising Lion"= doctrinal shift:From proxy containment (targeting Hamas, Hezbollah) to To direct dismantling of Iran’s nuclear capabilities and military command structures
🅾️The motive: not just to weaken Iran, but also to disrupt its regional network of proxies and stall its strategic convergence with Arab states.
🅾️Use this as a case study : preventive warfare replacing proxy deterrence- how nation-states recalibrate doctrines when regional influence fails to deliver strategic outcomes.
⚠️Gs2-IR/PSIR channel link : https://www.tg-me.com/UPSC_PSIR_IR
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Samagra-Samarthan-2026 (1).pdf
5.5 MB
✅Mentorship applications : for a batch of 40 only.
🅾️Cost : 55K+18% GST
🅾️Application form= https://forms.gle/i9xrYTojgmMCRVJ56
✅Contact @VK_IAS to confirm your admission
🅾️Cost : 55K+18% GST
🅾️Application form= https://forms.gle/i9xrYTojgmMCRVJ56
✅Contact @VK_IAS to confirm your admission
✅Gs-2 : Government policies and interventions- Statutory, regulatory and quasi-judicial bodies- Air India Flight crash issue
✅Gs-3 : Economic growth- sectors of economy- aviation sector
📍Topics under Aviation sector : CLick here
🅾️Issues : AAIB is statutorily autonomous, but functionally under MoCA — which controls both the regulator (DGCA) and the accident investigator.Analogous to police investigating itself in case of custodial death — violates principle of natural justice and institutional independence.
🅾️The Seth Committee, led by Air Marshal J.K. Seth in 1997, conducted India’s most comprehensive aviation safety review- Civil Aviation functions were divided across multiple bodies—DGCA, MoCA, airlines—with no unified accountability-afeguarding civil aviation is a public good; citizens have a right to safe skies.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Economic growth- sectors of economy- aviation sector
📍Topics under Aviation sector : CLick here
🅾️Issues : AAIB is statutorily autonomous, but functionally under MoCA — which controls both the regulator (DGCA) and the accident investigator.Analogous to police investigating itself in case of custodial death — violates principle of natural justice and institutional independence.
🅾️The Seth Committee, led by Air Marshal J.K. Seth in 1997, conducted India’s most comprehensive aviation safety review- Civil Aviation functions were divided across multiple bodies—DGCA, MoCA, airlines—with no unified accountability-afeguarding civil aviation is a public good; citizens have a right to safe skies.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel